Caustic Soda Flake

Chemical name: Caustic soda
Synonyms for caustic soda: Burning soda, NaOH, sodium hydroxide, caustic soda flakes, sodium hydrate.
Chemical formula: NaOH
Product grade: Industrial caustic soda
Purity: 98% caustic soda
Appearance: Caustic soda is available in the forms of flakes and spangles.
Molecular weight: 01.40
Melting point: 12 ° C (50% solution), 62 ° C (70%-73% solution)
Boiling point: 140 ° C (50% solution)
Relative density: 53.1 (50% solution), 2 at 5.15 ° C (70%-73% solution)
Water solubility: 109 g per 100 ml at 20 ° C
Solubility in other liquids: Caustic soda can be solved in ethanol, methanol, and glycerol.
Vapor pressure: 1.5 mm Hg at 20 ° C (50% solution)
pH = 12 (0.05% solution), 13 (0.5% solution), 14 (5% solution)

• Chemical features of caustic soda:

  1. Reaction with acid: Caustic soda reacts with protonated acids to produce brine. For example, the combination of caustic soda with hydrochloric acid forms sodium chloride.
  2. Acid oxide reaction: Caustic soda reacts with acid oxide such as sulfur dioxide. These reactions are often used to erode harmful acid gases produced by burning coal and prevent the release of gases into the atmosphere.
  3. Reaction with metals: Sodium hydroxide produces hydrogen by reaction with aluminum.

  The applications of caustic soda:

  Caustic soda has many applications in different industries:

  1. Food industries: Milk, canning, olive oil sweetening, water purification, chocolate production, cocoa and caramel production, washing vegetable and fruit, beverage production, oil refining, sugar production.
  2. Metal and plating industries: Metals, zinc, aluminum, galvanization and plating, glass.
  3. Pharmaceutical industry
  4. Cosmetics industry
  5. Alcohol industry
  6. Battery and acid neutralization industries
  7. Ceramic and tile industries
  8. Detergent and soap industries
  9. Paper and carton industries
  10. Fat-cleaning and bleaching liquid production industries
  11. Textile and leather industries
  12. Dyeing industry
  13. Oil, gas, and petrochemical industries
  14. Chemical industry
  15. Rayon industry
  16. Laboratories to determine the concentration of acids in the experiments
  17. Adhesive industries
  18. Industries as a disinfectant
  19. Revival of tires

  The role of caustic soda in oil and gas refinery industry:

  Caustic soda is used to remove acidic compounds from the fuel gases before entering the environment. For example, gases which are produced from the burning of fossil fuels contain sulfur oxide. Sodium hydroxide solution should be used to remove sulfur oxide.

  The role of caustic soda in household usages:

  An important product which contains caustic soda and is used at homes is the bleaching and pipe opening solution. At homes, after some time, pipes the pipes are blocked with oil or grease. A solution that contains caustic soda cleans fat. When caustic soda is solved in water, a lot of heat is released. The heat opens the pipes. Sodium hydroxide can damage eyes and skin.

  The effect of caustic soda on paper-production process:

  In many paper-production processes, the wood is combined with a solution containing sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide. These materials remain more than the unwanted materials in the wood and form relatively pure cellulose which is the basis of paper. In paper recycling process, caustic soda is used to separate the ink from the fibers of the paper which allows the paper fibers to be used again. Caustic soda is also used to modify raw materials for wood products such as cabinets and furniture and in bleaching and cleaning wood.

  
  

  The production of caustic soda:

  Sodium chloride solution electrolysis: The highest amount of produced sodium hydroxide is obtained by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions in one of electrolyte containers. For example, in the mercury cell process (Castner-Kellner), a flow of mercury is used as a cathode and the sodium solution is mixed with it and produces sodium hydroxide. In another process, called the diaphragm cell, the electrolyte moves from the anode to the cathode, and the diaphragm (made of cotton or other membrane materials) separates the anode and cathode products. In both processes, in addition to sodium, chlorine gas is also produced.

  

  The type of caustic soda packaging:

  Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is available in 25 kg double-walled packs with the best quality and suitable price as retail and wholesale.

  Caustic soda safety:

  Protective warnings:

  1. Eye contact: Caustic soda is a very corrosive material that causes severe eye irritations, eye blisters, disintegration of the eye, and severe scars. The effects of caustic soda on the eyes are similar to glaucoma and cataract. In severe cases, it can damage the tissue of the eye and permanent blindness.
  2. Skin contact: Caustic soda is highly corrosive and can cause severe and deep burns and persistent scars on the skin. It can go into deep layers of the skin and cause damage. The extent and severity of damages depend on the concentration and duration of contact.
  3. Breathing: Inhalation of this material may cause severe irritation of respiratory tract and even lung edema and scars in this area and difficulty in breathing.
  4. Fire: Caustic soda does not fire.

  Environmental effects:

  If caustic soda enters the environment, it can increase the acidity of water and soil. Under the new conditions, some animals, plants, fish, and aquatics are affected. Absorption of carbon gas from the air and its combination with caustic soda reduce this effect over time.

  First aid:

  1. Eye contact: Immediately wash the eyes with lukewarm water for 30 minutes to remove contamination. During washing the eyes, keep the eyelids open and do not rub the eyes. Acetic acid solution is recommended for 2%, but the effect of washing with a lot of water is better. See your doctor.
  2. Skin contact: As soon as you remove contaminated clothes and shoes, immediately wash the contaminated area with lukewarm water for 60 minutes to eliminate contamination.
  3. Swallowing and eating: Never give anything to eat to the person who is unconscious. If the person is conscious, wash his/her mouth with a lot of water and do not force the person to vomit. Give the conscious person 240 to 300 ml of water to drink. If possible, give the person some milk after drinking water. If the vomiting occurs naturally, again give the person some water to drink and immediately see a doctor.
  4. Breathing: Remove the source of contamination and bring the person into the fresh air. If the person has difficulty in breathing, attach him/her an oxygen mask and see a doctor immediately.
  5. Medical information: 2% solution of acetic acid (vinegar) has been recommended by the doctor to neutralize caustic soda.

  Extinguish the fire:

  1. Danger of fire: Sodium hydroxide solution does not fire, but it reacts with ordinary metals and materials and produces a lot of heat. This material can react with metals such as aluminum and zinc and produces hydrogen which is explosive.
  2. Appropriate extinguishing method: Liquid caustic soda cannot be fired but should be kept away from the fire so that not to be decomposed.

  Personal care:

  1. Skin protection: Use chemical-resistant gloves, clothes, and shoes to prevent contact with caustic soda.
  2. Eye protection: Use glasses specific for chemicals and mask to protect your face.
  3. Body protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, clothes, and shoes, shower and eye protector are necessary in work environments with this material.
  4. Respiratory protection: Use appropriate masks.

  Storage: When storing caustic soda, the following points should be considered:

  1. Store the material in a cool and dry place, with appropriate ventilation, and away from materials such as acid, nitroparaffin, nitroaromatic, and halogenated organic compounds.
  2. Bring the material to the workplace as much as you need and keep the rest in the warehouse.
  3. Avoid the entry of other people to the warehouse.
  4. Avoid direct contact of caustic soda with water.
  5. The warehouse should have suitable fire extinguishers.
  6. The material should be kept in proper and healthy bags.

  Waste disposal method:

  Use appropriate devices to collect caustic soda with safety precautions and wash the area with water.

  Caustic soda price:

  Caustic soda is white and odorless, and is available in the forms of flakes, spangles, or granules. This chemical is highly soluble in water. Contact the company sales department for more information about product prices.